Understanding Mouth Pieces: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Actions and Pressures

Probably the single most important thing to consider when selecting a bit is the mouthpiece. The mouthpiece determines how and where pressure is applied inside the horse's mouth. Each design encourages a different type of communication.

Jointed Mouthpieces

Single-Jointed Mouthpieces

A classic design featuring one central hinge that creates a "nutcracker" action when the reins are engaged.

• Pressure profile: Bar pressure, tongue pressure, pinch pressure
• Best for: Horses that prefer a simple, direct feel or those tending to carry their head low

Double-Jointed Mouthpieces

Include a central link (often a lozenge or French link) that softens the nutcracker action, offering clear tongue pressure.

• Pressure profile: Bar pressure, tongue pressure, reduced pinch pressure
• Best for: Horses that appreciate tongue pressure and need even pressure distribution

Ported Double-Jointed Mouthpieces

A port is a raised section in the centre of the mouthpiece. Ports vary in height and width.

• Pressure profile: Bar pressure, tongue relief
• Best for: Horses with thick tongues or those that don't appreciate tongue pressure

Solid Mouthpieces

Mullen Mouthpieces

A solid, slightly curved bar with no joints.

• Pressure profile: Consistent bar and tongue pressure
• Best for: Younger or more sensitive horses preferring stability

Ported Solid Mouthpieces

A port is a raised section offering tongue relief while maintaining bar pressure.

• Best for: Horses with thick tongues preferring stability and tongue relief

Waterford Mouthpieces

Made of multiple ball-shaped chain links, extremely mobile and flexible.

• Pressure profile: Bar pressure, tongue pressure, distributed across many small points
• Best for: Horses that pull, lean, or grab the bit

Anatomical and Ergonomic Mouthpieces

Modern designs shaped to follow the natural contours of the horse's mouth. All riders should strive to use such designs from a welfare perspective.

• Reduce pressure on sensitive areas
• Offer even contact and improved comfort
• Encourage acceptance and relaxation